The PTAB: inter partes review, post-grant review and appeals
The Patent Trial and Appeal Board hears appeals from examiners’ rejections and conducts the trials the America Invents Act created: inter partes review and post-grant review. Whether a petition is instituted, and whether the Director reviews a decision, now shapes much of patent litigation.
Start with the comparisons of the three ways to challenge a patent, then follow the Board’s precedential decisions, Director Review and guidance below, and see institution rates on our dashboard.
Start here
- 1IPR vs. PGR: Inter Partes Review and Post-Grant Review ComparedIPR vs. PGR: who may file and when, the grounds each allows, institution standards, fees, timelines, estoppel, and how the Director now decides institution.
- 2IPR vs. Ex Parte Reexamination: How the Two Patent Challenges DifferIPR vs. ex parte reexamination: who may file and when, the thresholds, cost, timing, anonymity, amendments, appeal rights and estoppel, current to 2026.
- 3PTAB vs. District Court: Where to Challenge a Patent’s ValidityPTAB vs. district court for patent invalidity: standard of proof, grounds, timing, cost, estoppel, discretionary denial and appeal, as of 2026.
More guides
- Ex Parte Reexamination: How to Request It and What Happens Next
Ex parte reexamination explained: the substantial new question standard, who may request it, anonymity, fees, the patent owner statement, timing and outcomes.
- Inter Partes Review (IPR): How the PTAB Trial Works
Inter partes review explained: who can file, the one-year bar, the institution standard and Director discretion, the trial timeline, fees, estoppel and appeal.
Tools and data
On the weekly show
Latest decisions
- Notice of Decisions on Institution — 2026-10-28
PTAB Director Review · Oct. 28, 2026
- CRRC Meishan Co. Ltd. et al. v. Howmet Aerospace Inc.
PTAB Director Review · Oct. 23, 2026
- Notice of Decisions on Institution — 2026-10-21
PTAB Director Review · Oct. 21, 2026
- Palo Alto Networks, Inc. v. Qomplx LLC
PTAB Director Review · Oct. 21, 2026
- Notice of Decisions on Institution — 2026-10-28
PTAB Director Review · Oct. 28, 2026
- Meta Platforms, Inc. v. COGMEDIA LLC
PTAB Director Review · Oct. 23, 2026
- CRRC Meishan Co. Ltd. et al. v. Howmet Aerospace Inc.
PTAB Director Review · Oct. 23, 2026
- Notice of Decisions on Institution — 2026-10-21
PTAB Director Review · Oct. 21, 2026
- Ex parte Baurin
PTAB · Aug. 6, 2026
- Light & Wonder, Inc. v. Evolution Malta Ltd.
PTAB · June 22, 2026
- Tesla, Inc. v. Bulletproof Property Management, LLC
PTAB · June 15, 2026
- Magnolia Medical Technologies, Inc. v. Kurin, Inc.
PTAB · May 14, 2026
- SOP 1 (rev. 17): Assignment of judges to panels
PTAB guidance · July 20, 2026
- Director Review process
PTAB guidance · June 29, 2026
- Additional Discretionary Institution Considerations – U.S. Manufacturing and Small Business Use of AIA Proceedings
PTAB guidance · Mar. 11, 2026
- Consolidated Trial Practice Guide (December 2025, web)
PTAB guidance · Dec. 12, 2025

Post-Grant Proceedings course news
General information, not legal advice. How we write and check these guides: our editorial policy.